Samuel+C.C.+Ting

"November Revolution" & Charm
MAJOR CONTRIBUTION J/Psi Meson  Charm Theories  "Charmonium" Samuel C.C. Ting was born on January 27, 1936 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Early in his childhood, his family had moved back to China but due to the pending war taking place in the country, C.C. Ting was unable to begin his education formally until the age of 10. As a child Ting excelled in his math and science classes which is why he decided to return to the United States in 1956 to study engineering at the University of Michigan; however soon into his studies Ting decided to change his major to physics. After graduating from the Unviersity of Michigan with his BSE in phsyics and math, he continued his education at the University of Michigan and was awarded his Ph.D. in physics in 1962.

Samuel Ting's passion for phsyics allowed him to further his interest in subatomic particles at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Ting was bombarding a stationary target to produce showers of particles that could be detected by complex detectors. A strong peak in electron and positron production at an energy of 3.1 billion electron volts(GeV) led Ting to suspect the presence of a new particle. Ting had discovered a subatomic particle which had a lifetime almost a thousand times longer than scientists would have predicted from its mass. The same discovery was made almost simultaneously by Burton Richter at Stanford. Ting called it the J particle, Richter called it the psi-particle, and it is now known as the J/psi meson.
 * **// J/ψ //** ||
 * ** Composition: ** || cc ||
 * **Particle statistics**** : ** || Bosonic ||
 * ** Group: ** || Meson ||
 * **Interaction**** : ** || Strong, Weak , Electromagnetic force , Gravity ||

3.096916 GeV///c//2 ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** Symbol(s): ** || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">J/ψ ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Antiparticle**** : ** || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Self ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** Discovered: ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">SLAC : Burton Richter et al. (1974) BNL : Samuel Ting et al. (1974) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Mass**** : ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 5.5208×10 −27 kg
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Electric charge**** : ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 0 e 0 C ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Spin**** : ** || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The discovery of the J/psi meson allowed Ting to be the precursor to Charm theories becuase the particle was found out to consist of a charmed quark bound to a charmed antiquark. The interest in elementary particle physics was the spark to the fire for investigation into protons, electrons, mesons, etc... <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium". The J/ψ is the first excited state of charmonium (the form of the charmonium with the second-smallest rest mass). The J/ψ has a rest mass of 3,096.9 MeV///c//2, and a mean lifetime of 7.2×10 −21 seconds.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">"CrossSection of J/Psi." //The Collider//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 June 2011.<http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/PES/psi_bellinger.html>.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">NNDB."Samuel C. C. Ting." //NNDB: Tracking the entire world//. N.p.,n.d. Web. 7 June 2011. <http://www.nndb.com/people/908/000099611/>.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">"NobelPrize | 1976 Prize in Physics, Samuel Ting." //Brookhaven NationalLaboratory - A Passion for Discovery//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 June 2011.<http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/nobel/nobel_76.asp>.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">PBS. "BecomingAmerican: The Chinese Experience . Samuel C.C. Ting Bio | PBS." //PBS:Public Broadcasting Service//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 June 2011.<http://www.pbs.org/becomingamerican/ap_pjourneys_bio2.html>.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">USDE."Samuel C.C. Ting, the J/psi Particle (Charm), andthe Alpha MagneticSpectrometer (AMS)." //Office of Scientific and Technical Information,OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy//. N.p., 8 Apr. 2011. Web. 7 June 2011.<http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/ting.html>.